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Metabolic Syndrome Features and Excess Weight Were Inversely Associated with Nut Consumption after 1-Year Follow-Up in the PREDIMED-Plus Study.

CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Pere Virgili Medical Research Institute (IISPV), Sant Joan University Hospital, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. Cardiometabolics Nutrition Program, Madrid Institute for Advanced Research (IMDEA) Food, Excellence International Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid and Higher Council of Scientific Research (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain. Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain. Alicante Health and Biomedical Research Institute and Miguel Hernández University (ISABIAL-UMH),Alicante, Spain. CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain. Department of Internal Medicine, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Sevilla Primary Health Care District, Sevilla, Spain. Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. CIBER Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Leon, Spain. Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Health Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, San Carlos Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. Department of Endocrinology, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Endocrinology, Jiménez-Díaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain. Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, Madrid Institute for Advanced Research (IMDEA) Food, Excellence International Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid and Higher Council of Scientific Research (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain. Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Navarra Health Service, Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain.

The Journal of nutrition. 2020;(12):3161-3170
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Abstract

BACKGROUND High nut consumption has been previously associated with decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) regardless of race and dietary patterns. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in nut consumption over a 1-y follow-up are associated with changes in features of MetS in a middle-aged and older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS This prospective 1-y follow-up cohort study, conducted in the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial, included 5800 men and women (55-75 y old) with overweight/obesity [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥27 and <40] and MetS. Nut consumption (almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and other nuts) was assessed using data from a validated FFQ. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 1 y in features of MetS [waist circumference (WC), glycemia, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure] and excess weight (body weight and BMI) according to tertiles of change in nut consumption. Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary and lifestyle characteristics. A generalized linear model was used to compare 1-y changes in features of MetS, weight, dietary intakes, and lifestyle characteristics across tertiles of change in nut consumption. RESULTS As nut consumption increased, between each tertile there was a significant decrease in WC, TG, systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (only in women, P = 0.044). The interaction effect between time and group was significant for total energy intake (P < 0.001), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (P < 0.001), and nut consumption (P < 0.001). Across tertiles of increasing nut consumption there was a significant increase in extra virgin olive oil intake and adherence to the MedDiet; change in energy intake, on the other hand, was inversely related to consumption of nuts. CONCLUSIONS Features of MetS and excess weight were inversely associated with nut consumption after a 1-y follow-up in the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN89898870.

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Publication Type : Randomized Controlled Trial

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